Kinsale, County Cork was one of my favourite spots in Ireland. The quaint seaside town had small narrow streets, delicious sea food, and a number of local attractions. Charles Fort located 2km outside of Kinsale is a 17th century star shaped fort. The distance to the Fort is walkable from the town and the views on the hilly walk of the harbour below are fantastic.
Charles Fort was built by William Robinson, the same architect who built the Royal Hospital Kilmainham that I visited while in Dublin. Designed in the shape of a star, Charles Fort was built to be highly defensible from the water and resistant to cannon fire. However, because of budget reasons the fort was not completed according to Robinson’s original design and the land facing side of the fort was not as defensible as originally planned. A land based siege during the Williamte War (1689-1691) was successful in defeating the meager land side defense and highlights the flawed nature of Charles Fort.
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| Mosaic map of Charles Fort |
Given how small Kinsale is I was surprised by how busy Charles Fort was during my visit. There were a couple tour buses and a school group at the site when I arrived. The site is expansive with layers of fortification to explore, so even though the site was busy there was still lots of room to walk around and not feel crowded.
There is an exhibition space in what was once barracks that describes the history the area, the building of the fort and the main battles faced by the fort. The space contains artifacts, text, and audio-visual material that highlight the different occupants of the Fort and the experience of the soldiers who stayed in the Fort. There is also a small photo exhibition in the former power magazine which shows how the power magazine operated and other aspects of military life at the Fort.
One of the more visual features of Charles Fort is the ‘blast wall’ construction that exists around the perimeter of the Fort. The thick exterior walls of the fort are surrounded by sections of earth, which are followed by another interior 
wall. The sections of earth were included as a means of making the fort stronger in the face of cannonballs. The earth would absorb the shock of cannonball fire and not crumble in the way that stonewalls typically do. This practical measure resulted in the present day advantage of an area of land which visitors can walk on and see right to the edge of the fort and into the sea.
This site wasn’t even on my radar until the owner of the B&B I was staying at recommended a visit to the Fort. I’m glad I listened to her suggestion as the views from the fort, the history of the site, and the expansive remaining battlements make Charles Fort well worth the visit.